浅议地震预警系统建设在政府管理工作中的作用     

李美辉  卫露媛  李大伟 《山西地震》2012,(4):41-43,46

通过预警在地震事件中的地位和我国地震预警的发展现状,探索在我国如何建立地震预警系统和预警应急管理体系,并提出我国构建地震预警的发展策略。  相似文献   

燃气管道地震紧急处置装置设计和示范应用     

崔建文  王暾  樊荣  高东  徐硕  张潜  段建新 《中国地震》2012,28(4):425-433

震后火灾是破坏性地震发生后城市面对的主要危害之一。对于城市中燃气管网,建立地震紧急处置系统尤为重要。在日本、美国和我国的台湾地区,均因城市天然气管网建立了紧急处置系统而取得了减轻地震次生火灾的实效。我国是多地震的国家,随着管道燃气的日益普及,地震紧急处置设施非常重要。本文采用美国Northridge2000小型地震燃气阀,结合所设计的一种燃气管道地震紧急处置装置,在昆明市区,分别用于4户民居小管径燃气管道和一个大管径燃气管道,开展燃气管道的地震紧急处置示范应用。进行的人工触发试验显示,紧急处置装置响应与预期的一致,但还需实际地震的检验。本文介绍了燃气管道地震紧急处置的设计和示范应用情况,并对我国开展相关工作需要解决的问题进行了讨论。  相似文献   

虚拟技术在地震应急指挥技术系统中的应用     

杨斌  马朝晖  郝志勇 《震灾防御技术》2012,7(3):313-321

利用虚拟技术,可将原来在多台服务器上部署的地震应急指挥技术系统在一台高性能服务器上实现容灾备份,在节约硬件资源的同时,虚拟机灵活部署、快速恢复的特性也能提高整个系统的灵活性、可靠性.本文对什么样的服务器可作为地震应急指挥系统的虚拟服务器,如何规划虚拟应用,虚拟部署后的系统与原系统比较有何差异等进行了研究.本文的研究结果可为全国各省区域应急指挥中心的容灾备份提供参考依据.  相似文献   

基于大样本的强透水砂层盾构施工风险与控制研究     

路占海  王飞龙 《地震学刊》2014,(6):742-750

基于大量强透水砂层盾构施工工程事故现场调研及资料分析,建立大样本数据库并构建强透水砂层盾构施工风险事故树,以分析风险源及各自权重;基于模糊综合评价法探究强透水砂层盾构施工风险评估方法,推导出各风险因素对风险发生概率和损失的评价矩阵,从机理控制层面提出风险控制措施,并以广州某强透水砂层盾构工程实施验证。研究表明,施工风险主要为管片破裂、隧道上浮、渣土喷涌及地表塌陷等,风险发生概率与相应损失程度均可划分为5个等级。可通过加强管片拼装质量、改善上覆土层工程特性、渣土改良及装置改进等风险规避策略,有效控制施工风险,并结合风险规避、保留及转移等3种策略对地表塌陷风险进行有效控制。  相似文献   

GIS-based emergency response system for sudden water pollution accidents     

《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth》2015

The frequent occurrence of sudden water pollution accidents brings enormous risks to water environment safety. Therefore, there is great need for the modeling and development of early warning systems and rapid response procedures for current water pollution situation in China. This paper proposes an emergency response system based on the integration of Geographic Information System (GIS) technology and a hydraulic/water-quality model. Using the spatial analysis and three-dimensional visualization capabilities of GIS technology, we calculated pollutant diffusion measures, and visualized and analyzed the simulation results, in order to provide the services of early warning and emergency response for sudden water pollution accidents in the Xiangjia Dam area on the Yangtze River. The results show that the proposed system offers reliable technological support for emergency response to sudden water pollution events, and it shows good potential for wide applications in various aspects of water resources protection.  相似文献   

GMDH-GEP to predict free span expansion rates below pipelines under waves     

Mohammad Najafzadeh  Farid Saberi-Movahed 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(3):375-392

ABSTRACT

In this research, group method of data handling (GMDH) as a one of the self-organized approaches is utilized to predict three-dimensional free span expansion rates around pipeline due to waves. The GMDH network is developed using gene-expression programming (GEP) algorithm. In this way, GEP was performed in each neuron of GMDH instead of polynomial quadratic neuron. Effective parameters on the three-dimensional scour rates include sediment size, pipeline geometry, and wave characteristics upstream of pipeline. Four-dimensionless parameters are considered as input variables by means of dimensional analysis technique. Furthermore, scour rates along the pipeline, vertical scour rate, and additionally scour rates in the left and right of pipeline are determined as output parameters. Results of the proposed GMDH-GEP models for the training stages and testing ones are evaluated using various statistical indices. Performances of the GMDH-GEP models are compared with artificial neural network (ANN), GEP, GMDH, and traditional equations-based regression models. Moreover, sensitivity analysis and parametric study are conducted to perceive influences of different input parameters on the three-dimensional scour rates.  相似文献   

基于模板匹配法的主动源地震检测方法研究     

李勇  高洋  叶泵  李孝宾 《大地测量与地球动力学》2017,37(7):752-755

针对主动源地震波重复性高、信噪比低的特点,采用基于模板匹配法的地震自动检测方法,通过编写数据自动处理程序,对参考台实验期间的25 200 s的连续波形记录进行处理,识别出其中13次气枪激发记录波形并获取激发时刻。结果表明,此方法识别率达到100%,无误判情况发生。此方法对诸如地震台阵等需要进行海量数据处理的情况具有借鉴意义。  相似文献   

Loss estimation: a powerful tool for risk assessment and mitigation     

F. Bendimerad   《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2001,21(5)

Earlier loss estimation studies were limited to investigating particular scenarios and were carried out by highly specialized experts. Today, loss estimation techniques are translated into efficient software applications that are accessible by a large constituency of end-users. These techniques offer a high level of analysis sophistication and enable users to perform various ‘if–then’ scenarios to study the sensitivity of the results, to develop a better understanding of the outcomes and to gain insight on the consequences of the findings and decisions. Functionality of loss estimation models has improved significantly due to advances in information technology such as the introduction of Geographical Information Systems (GIS). GIS allows for easy display of input and output (in standard reports and maps) providing a critical functionality for communication of outcomes to emergency planners and decision-makers.  相似文献   

永安市破坏性地震应急预案实践的经验教训     

周福昌 《福建地震》2004,(1)

《永安市破坏性地震应急预案》在 1 997年 5月 31日永安 5 2级地震抢险救灾中发挥了重要作用 ,但同时也暴露了农村地震科普宣传较薄弱 ,抗震设防工作有待加强 ,个别部门单位没有制定本部门预案 ,地震发生后不知所措 ,各单位的联络工作、反馈工作、统计工作滞后不及时等问题。今后应根据形势发展及时修订、完善《预案》 ,健全地震应急指挥机构 ,加强地震科普宣传和对抗震救灾工作的领导 ,加大防震减灾投入 ,抓好城市防震减灾体系建设。  相似文献   

专业技术资格评价与职务聘任分离的思考     

于慧敏 《中国煤田地质》2005,17(3):63-64

通过对“评聘合一”单轨制的弊端、地勘单位评聘分离行动较迟缓等原因的讨论，提出了实行聘任分离资格评审要注重学术技术能力和工作业绩的考核的建议，打破身份、学历、资力和名额、结构比例等诸多限制，以及聘任要科学设岗、竞争上岗，动态聘任等应着重做好的几项工作。  相似文献